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61.
62.
碳税和碳交易作为主要的碳减排政策工具被大多数重视碳减排的国家所采用。基于对比碳税与碳交易在理论基础、效果成本、减排效果、监督机制以及未来适应性等方面的差异,结合两种政策的执行现状和中国国情,中国应建立碳排放交易与适度碳税相结合的复合政策,降低碳排量,以应对日益凸显的环境问题。 相似文献
63.
民主化预算管理体系的实施能够有效地促进高校综合体制改革,推动高校内部控制体系建设,进一步优化高校法人治理结构,对于实现高校预算管理的精细化和科学化具有重要的意义。论文首先分析了高校预算管理的现状,并指出了预算管理过程中存在的问题;其次详细阐述了基于民主化视角的新型预算管理体系的内涵、组织流程及建设思路;最后文章就如何在高校中稳步推进和进一步巩固新型预算管理体系的有效实施提供了政策建议。 相似文献
64.
Mireya Solís 《New Political Economy》2015,20(2):155-177
How can a state with dysfunctional trade politics spur the negotiation of major free trade agreements (FTAs)? Using the case of Japan's participation in the trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), we develop an analytical framework on FTA diffusion that takes into account multidimensional (economic, legal and political) competitive pressures, and the ability of states to act as pivots in triggering FTA cascades. We disaggregate the makeup of a pivotal state into two main components – capability and credibility – and underscore Japan's significant latent capabilities, but also its serious credibility shortcomings. The TPP's boost to Japan's credibility raised the possibility of significant economic, legal and political externalities for specific countries which responded by accelerating FTA initiatives that had long stalled: the trilateral China–Japan–Korea FTA, a 16-state East Asian FTA and the Japan–European Union trade negotiations. This study extends the theoretical frontier in policy diffusion studies by clarifying the combination of factors that allows some states, but not others, to activate the externalities behind the dissemination of defensive FTAs. 相似文献
65.
随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对视频会议的要求也越来越高,无论是清晰度还是实时性都有较多要求。与视频会议相关的技术有很多,例如云计算,NGImeetings Cluster框架结构等,云计算在视频系统当中具有很大的作用,可以对系统进行测试,NGImeetings Cluster系统结合云计算的优势可以使NGImeetings Cluster服务框架更加灵活,大大提高系统的服务性能。 相似文献
66.
本文基于价值工程(Value Engineering,VE)的原理和方法,对医院文化的功能体系开展了分析,认为医院文化的最终功能一是促进医院的健康发展,二是促进社区的和谐。其基本功能包括显性文化的功能和隐性文化功能二种。在此基础上,探讨了医院文化的实现手段和基础需求。 相似文献
67.
68.
《Socio》2019
The disproportionate concentration of healthcare professionals in urban areas is a concern in many countries, including Canada. A need to address this rural care gap has driven a large number of government led initiatives worldwide over the years. This paper presents a model that can be used as a tool to examine the efficacy of such policies on the workforce distribution in the long term. A small system dynamics model is employed to simulate the current and future distribution of general physicians at a jurisdictional level. The model represents the transition of general practitioners to provide insight into the dynamics of care provision over time. The movement, and competition, between rural and urban areas is modeled to enable detailed exploration of the ability for proposed measures to alleviate the care gap in the future. Among the tested policies are such commonly used initiatives as financial incentives to rural professionals, promotion of medical education in rural areas, expansion of rural education programs and the engagement of international medical graduates etc. We demonstrate how the model can be used as a tool to determine an efficient and well-chosen combination of policies which can help alleviate the rural care gap in the future, given that some policies are more effective than others alone but also combined with other initiatives. The presented small system dynamics model is tested on Canada's reality, but its simple nature lends itself to easy application to other countries that experience a similar problem. 相似文献
69.
Control of projects is a core issue for organizations. Successful projects, such as information systems projects, enable organizations to develop a superior supply network and enhance the capability of operations management. A few studies have investigated the effects of control on project performance; however, complexity risk has not been integrated into the relationship between control and performance. Limited evidence has been provided concerning whether modes of control differ in their effectiveness in the presence of a single risk factor. Based on quantitative data obtained from 128 information systems projects, behavior, outcome, clan, and self-control are empirically determined to be positively associated with the system performance of projects. However, complexity risk generates a mixed moderating effect on the relationship between control and performance. In the presence of a high complexity risk, the effects of behavior and self-control on performance are low, whereas the effectiveness of outcome and clan control increases. This finding implies that complexity risk is a double-edged sword with regard to control. Each control mode exhibits different characteristics and effectiveness under high complexity risk. Therefore, appropriate control modes should be carefully selected, and highly effective control modes, such as outcome and clan control, should be prioritized in managing complex system projects. 相似文献
70.
This study reports the results of an experiment on directed networks with positive externalities induced by cost-sharing. Subjects participated in a network game in which they had to choose between private and public transportations. If a player chose public transportation, then she shared the travel cost equally with other players making the same choice, whereas if she chose private transportation, then her travel cost was fixed. Travel costs on the private route were manipulated across the two experimental conditions. In one condition, these costs were homogeneous among players; in the other condition, they were heterogeneous among players and only privately known. We found that half (none) of the player groups in the homogeneous (heterogeneous) condition converged toward the efficient equilibrium. Examination of the system dynamics shows that convergence toward efficiency was facilitated by: (1) the existence of an intermediate equilibrium choice; and (2) strategic teaching by which a farsighted player chooses strategies with poor short-term payoff in order to shift group decisions to the efficient equilibrium and thereby increase her own long-term benefit. 相似文献